Up till now (my oldest is in third grade) I haven't given "grades." State law doesn't require them. Rather than bothering with evaluations, for the most part, I've followed the algorithm of "don't go on unless you're sure the material is adequately mastered." So the answer to "how's he doing?" is simply "what have we studied?" How much of the math book have we finished? What books we have read together? Etc.
This has to change at some point.
By the time they reach high school level, I want my kids to have something that functions as a transcript. I don't want it to be a meaningless piece of paper that I produce simply to satisfy the bureaucrats; I want it to be a good-faith effort to evaluate my children's accomplishments, as objectively as any teacher can.
This means that in the next five years or so, before my oldest enters 9th grade, I have to learn the habits of issuing shorthand evaluations of work, from day to day and from quarter to quarter.
It's tempting to think that the whole point of grades is the paper they're printed on, that the main purpose of grades is to classify children: this one should go to college, this one shouldn't, this one is worthy of a scholarship, that one should major in English, this one should major in engineering, this one ought not be allowed to advance to the next grade.
But the primary purpose of grades is to serve learning. So my most important task, in designing and using a grading system, is to teach my children the appropriate response to evaluation of their work.
I want my child to see his grades, understand what that means to his learning, and adjust his work as necessary. How best to do it?
Let's begin with the end in mind. Forget "A-B-C-D-F." Forget "pass-fail." Forget percentages. Forget "satisfactory-unsatisfactory-incomplete." Forget plus/minus. What do I want my child to do when he sees his "grade?"
- If he's turned in work that's sloppy or incomplete, or if he's neglected clear instructions, I want him to re-do the work.
- If he hasn't learned the material, I want him to return to it so he has another chance at learning it.
- If his work is satisfactory and he has learned the material, I want him to continue working as he is, without changing his habits.
- If he's demonstrated special insight or special diligence, I want him to know that I've noticed his extra effort. I want him to know that he's demonstrated excellence and that he can strive to accomplish greater and greater things, if he wants to.
If you begin with the desired responses to evaluation, it's easy to see that (unlike with standard "A+" stuff) "perfectly correct" work does not necessarily earn the so-called highest grade. It's also easy to see that the so-called highest grade must, almost by definition, be communicated fairly rarely.
With these in mind, I tried to distill "grades" down to five possible messages I can send my students:
"You have correctly and carefully completed the assignment. I am satisfied that you have learned the material."
"You have carefully completed the assignment, and there are only a few errors. I will be satisfied that you have learned the material when you have fixed the errors and can assure me that you understand where you went wrong."
"You have carefully completed the assignment, but you have made many errors, or else you have made a few very fundamental errors. I see that I have not adequately taught you the material. I will re-teach the material and give you another assignment."
"You have completed the assignment carelessly or sloppily, or you have not completed the assignment. I cannot be sure that you have learned the material, and I see that you must be reminded of the importance of completing your work with care and diligence. You must re-do the assignment and turn it in again."
"You have correctly and carefully completed the assignment, and your performance demonstrates a deeper understanding, greater insight, or more diligence than I expected. Not only am I satisfied that you have learned the material, I want to let you know that I noticed your achievement. Remember that you have done this; it is my hope that you always strive to produce work of this quality."
So each of these is, sort of, a different "grade." I don't really think of them as being in a particular hierarchy of order; each is meant to instruct the student in a next action. By the time they finish high school, students need to learn to self-evaluate and to adjust their study and work in response. I hope this kind of "grade" teaches those skills. When high school rolls around I can use a more traditional method to produce a normal-looking transcript for the bureaucrats.
Clearly I can't write these paragraphs across the top of every assignment, nor record them in a grade book. I need a shorthand -- a single symbol or word that can be used for records or communication -- for each. I'm reluctant to use ABCDF because (1) they imply a linear hierarchy that's really not there; (2) I want to emphasize not "how you did" but "what I want you to do about your learning;" (3) I want the symbol to intuitively represent the message I want to carry, so the student doesn't have to keep consulting a key or legend to find out what I meant.
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